Migrating from Vue 2

Most of Vue Router API has remained unchanged during its rewrite from v3 (for Vue 2) to v4 (for Vue 3) but there are still a few breaking changes that you might encounter while migrating your application. This guide is here to help you understand why these changes happened and how to adapt your application to make it work with Vue Router 4.

Breaking Changes

Changes are ordered by their usage. It is therefore recommended to follow this list in order.

new Router becomes createRouter

Vue Router is no longer a class but a set of functions. Instead of writing new Router(), you now have to call createRouter:

// previously was
// import Router from 'vue-router'
import { createRouter } from 'vue-router'

const router = createRouter({
  // ...
})

New `history` option to replace `mode`

The mode: 'history' option has been replaced with a more flexible one named history. Depending on which mode you were using, you will have to replace it with the appropriate function:

"history": createWebHistory()
"hash": createWebHashHistory()
"abstract": createMemoryHistory()

Here is a full snippet:

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
// there is also createWebHashHistory and createMemoryHistory

createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(),
  routes: [],
})

On SSR, you need to manually pass the appropriate history:

// router.js
let history = isServer ? createMemoryHistory() : createWebHistory()
let router = createRouter({ routes, history })
// somewhere in your server-entry.js
router.push(req.url) // request url
router.isReady().then(() => {
  // resolve the request
})

Reason: enable tree shaking of non used histories as well as implementing custom histories for advanced use cases like native solutions.

Moved the `base` option

The base option is now passed as the first argument to createWebHistory (and other histories):

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory('/base-directory/'),
  routes: [],
})

Removed `*` (star or catch all) routes

Catch all routes (*, /*) must now be defined using a parameter with a custom regex:

const routes = [
  // pathMatch is the name of the param, e.g., going to /not/found yields
  // { params: { pathMatch: ['not', 'found'] }}
  // this is thanks to the last *, meaning repeated params and it is necessary if you
  // plan on directly navigating to the not-found route using its name
  { path: '/:pathMatch(.*)*', name: 'not-found', component: NotFound },
  // if you omit the last `*`, the `/` character in params will be encoded when resolving or pushing
  { path: '/:pathMatch(.*)', name: 'bad-not-found', component: NotFound },
]
// bad example if using named routes:
router.resolve({
  name: 'bad-not-found',
  params: { pathMatch: 'not/found' },
}).href // '/not%2Ffound'
// good example:
router.resolve({
  name: 'not-found',
  params: { pathMatch: ['not', 'found'] },
}).href // '/not/found'

TIP

You don't need to add the * for repeated params if you don't plan to directly push to the not found route using its name. If you call router.push('/not/found/url'), it will provide the right pathMatch param.

Reason: Vue Router doesn't use path-to-regexp anymore, instead it implements its own parsing system that allows route ranking and enables dynamic routing. Since we usually add one single catch-all route per project, there is no big benefit in supporting a special syntax for *. The encoding of params is encoding across routes, without exception to make things easier to predict.

Replaced `onReady` with `isReady`

The existing router.onReady() function has been replaced with router.isReady() which doesn't take any argument and returns a Promise:

// replace
router.onReady(onSuccess, onError)
// with
router.isReady().then(onSuccess).catch(onError)
// or use await:
try {
  await router.isReady()
  // onSuccess
} catch (err) {
  // onError
}

`scrollBehavior` changes

The object returned in scrollBehavior is now similar to ScrollToOptions: x is renamed to left and y is renamed to top. See RFC.

Reason: making the object similar to ScrollToOptions to make it feel more familiar with native JS APIs and potentially enable future new options.

`<router-view>`, `<keep-alive>`, and `<transition>`

transition and keep-alive must now be used inside of RouterView via the v-slot API:

<router-view v-slot="{ Component }">
  <transition>
    <keep-alive>
      <component :is="Component" />
    </keep-alive>
  </transition>
</router-view>

Reason: This was a necessary change. See the related RFC.

Removal of `append` prop in `<router-link>`

The append prop has been removed from <router-link>. You can manually concatenate the value to an existing path instead:

replace
<router-link to="child-route" append>to relative child</router-link>
with
<router-link :to="append($route.path, 'child-route')">
  to relative child
</router-link>

You must define a global append function on your App instance:

app.config.globalProperties.append = (path, pathToAppend) =>
  path + (path.endsWith('/') ? '' : '/') + pathToAppend

Reason: append wasn't used very often, is easy to replicate in user land.

Removal of `event` and `tag` props in `<router-link>`

Both event, and tag props have been removed from <router-link>. You can use the v-slot API to fully customize <router-link>:

replace
<router-link to="/about" tag="span" event="dblclick">About Us</router-link>
with
<router-link to="/about" custom v-slot="{ navigate }">
  <span @click="navigate" @keypress.enter="navigate" role="link">About Us</span>
</router-link>

Reason: These props were often used together to use something different from an <a> tag but were introduced before the v-slot API and are not used enough to justify adding to the bundle size for everybody.

Removal of the `exact` prop in `<router-link>`

The exact prop has been removed because the caveat it was fixing is no longer present so you should be able to safely remove it. There are however two things you should be aware of:

Routes are now active based on the route records they represent instead of the generated route location objects and their path, query, and hash properties
Only the path section is matched, query, and hash aren't taken into account anymore

If you wish to customize this behavior, e.g. take into account the hash section, you should use the v-slot API to extend <router-link>.

Reason: See the RFC about active matching changes for more details.

At the moment navigation guards in mixins are not supported. You can track its support at vue-router#454.

Removal of `router.match` and changes to `router.resolve`

Both router.match, and router.resolve have been merged together into router.resolve with a slightly different signature. Refer to the API for more details.

Reason: Uniting multiple methods that were used for the same purpose.

Removal of `router.getMatchedComponents()`

The method router.getMatchedComponents is now removed as matched components can be retrieved from router.currentRoute.value.matched:

router.currentRoute.value.matched.flatMap(record =>
  Object.values(record.components)
)

Reason: This method was only used during SSR and is a one liner that can be done by the user.

All navigations are now always asynchronous

All navigations, including the first one, are now asynchronous, meaning that, if you use a transition, you may need to wait for the router to be ready before mounting the app:

app.use(router)
// Note: on Server Side, you need to manually push the initial location
router.isReady().then(() => app.mount('#app'))

Otherwise there will be an initial transition as if you provided the appear prop to transition because the router displays its initial location (nothing) and then displays the first location.

Note that if you have navigation guards upon the initial navigation, you might not want to block the app render until they are resolved unless you are doing Server Side Rendering. In this scenario, not waiting the router to be ready to mount the app would yield the same result as in Vue 2.

Removal of `router.app`

router.app used to represent the last root component (Vue instance) that injected the router. Vue Router can now be safely used by multiple Vue applications at the same time. You can still add it when using the router:

app.use(router)
router.app = app

You can also extend the TypeScript definition of the Router interface to add the app property.

Reason: Vue 3 applications do not exist in Vue 2 and now we properly support multiple applications using the same Router instance, so having an app property would have been misleading because it would have been the application instead of the root instance.

Passing content to route components' `<slot>`

Before you could directly pass a template to be rendered by a route components' <slot> by nesting it under a <router-view> component:

<router-view>
  <p>In Vue Router 3, I render inside the route component</p>
</router-view>

Because of the introduction of the v-slot api for <router-view>, you must pass it to the <component> using the v-slot API:

<router-view v-slot="{ Component }">
  <component :is="Component">
    <p>In Vue Router 3, I render inside the route component</p>
  </component>
</router-view>

Removal of `parent` from route locations

The parent property has been removed from normalized route locations (this.$route and object returned by router.resolve). You can still access it via the matched array:

const parent = this.$route.matched[this.$route.matched.length - 2]

Reason: Having parent and children creates unnecessary circular references while the properties could be retrieved already through matched.

Removal of `pathToRegexpOptions`

The pathToRegexpOptions and caseSensitive properties of route records have been replaced with sensitive and strict options for createRouter(). They can now also be directly passed when creating the router with createRouter(). Any other option specific to path-to-regexp has been removed as path-to-regexp is no longer used to parse paths.

Removal of unnamed parameters

Due to the removal of path-to-regexp, unnamed parameters are no longer supported:

/foo(/foo)?/suffix becomes /foo/:_(foo)?/suffix
/foo(foo)? becomes /foo:_(foo)?
/foo/(.*) becomes /foo/:_(.*)

TIP

Note you can use any name instead of _ for the param. The point is to provide one.

Usage of `history.state`

Vue Router saves information on the history.state. If you have any code manually calling history.pushState(), you should likely avoid it or refactor it with a regular router.push() and a history.replaceState():

// replace
history.pushState(myState, '', url)
// with
await router.push(url)
history.replaceState({ ...history.state, ...myState }, '')

Similarly, if you were calling history.replaceState() without preserving the current state, you will need to pass the current history.state:

// replace
history.replaceState({}, '', url)
// with
history.replaceState(history.state, '', url)

Reason: We use the history state to save information about the navigation like the scroll position, previous location, etc.

`routes` option is required in `options`

The property routes is now required in options.

createRouter({ routes: [] })

Reason: The router is designed to be created with routes even though you can add them later on. You need at least one route in most scenarios and this is written once per app in general.

Non existent named routes

Pushing or resolving a non existent named route throws an error:

// Oops, we made a typo in name
router.push({ name: 'homee' }) // throws
router.resolve({ name: 'homee' }) // throws

Reason: Previously, the router would navigate to / but display nothing (instead of the home page). Throwing an error makes more sense because we cannot produce a valid URL to navigate to.

Missing required `params` on named routes

Pushing or resolving a named route without its required params will throw an error:

// given the following route:
const routes = [{ path: '/users/:id', name: 'user', component: UserDetails }]

// Missing the `id` param will fail
router.push({ name: 'user' })
router.resolve({ name: 'user' })

Reason: Same as above.

Named children routes with an empty `path` no longer appends a slash

Given any nested named route with an empty path:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/dashboard',
    name: 'dashboard-parent',
    component: DashboardParent,
    children: [
      { path: '', name: 'dashboard', component: DashboardDefault },
      {
        path: 'settings',
        name: 'dashboard-settings',
        component: DashboardSettings,
      },
    ],
  },
]

Navigating or resolving to the named route dashboard will now produce a URL without a trailing slash:

router.resolve({ name: 'dashboard' }).href // '/dashboard'

This has an important side effect about children redirect records like these:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/parent',
    component: Parent,
    children: [
      // this would now redirect to `/home` instead of `/parent/home`
      { path: '', redirect: 'home' },
      { path: 'home', component: Home },
    ],
  },
]

Note this will work if path was /parent/ as the relative location home to /parent/ is indeed /parent/home but the relative location of home to /parent is /home.

Reason: This is to make trailing slash behavior consistent: by default all routes allow a trailing slash. It can be disabled by using the strict option and manually appending (or not) a slash to the routes.

`$route` properties Encoding

Decoded values in params, query, and hash are now consistent no matter where the navigation is initiated (older browsers will still produce unencoded path and fullPath). The initial navigation should yield the same results as in-app navigations.

Given any normalized route location:

Values in path, fullPath are not decoded anymore. They will appear as provided by the browser (most browsers provide them encoded). e.g. directly writing on the address bar https://example.com/hello world will yield the encoded version: https://example.com/hello%20world and both path and fullPath will be /hello%20world.
hash is now decoded, that way it can be copied over: router.push({ hash: $route.hash }) and be used directly in scrollBehavior's el option.
When using push, resolve, and replace and providing a string location or a path property in an object, it must be encoded (like in the previous version). On the other hand, params, query and hash must be provided in its unencoded version.
The slash character (/) is now properly decoded inside params while still producing an encoded version on the URL: %2F.

Reason: This allows to easily copy existing properties of a location when calling router.push() and router.resolve(), and make the resulting route location consistent across browsers. router.push() is now idempotent, meaning that calling router.push(route.fullPath), router.push({ hash: route.hash }), router.push({ query: route.query }), and router.push({ params: route.params }) will not create extra encoding.

TypeScript changes

To make typings more consistent and expressive, some types have been renamed:

`vue-router@3`	`vue-router@4`
RouteConfig	RouteRecordRaw
Location	RouteLocation
Route	RouteLocationNormalized

New Features

Some of new features to keep an eye on in Vue Router 4 include:

Dynamic Routing

# Migrating from Vue 2

# Breaking Changes

# new Router becomes createRouter

# New history option to replace mode

# Moved the base option

# Removed * (star or catch all) routes

# Replaced onReady with isReady

# scrollBehavior changes

# <router-view>, <keep-alive>, and <transition>

# Removal of append prop in <router-link>

# Removal of event and tag props in <router-link>

# Removal of the exact prop in <router-link>

# Navigation guards in mixins are ignored

# Removal of router.match and changes to router.resolve

# Removal of router.getMatchedComponents()

# All navigations are now always asynchronous

# Removal of router.app

# Passing content to route components' <slot>

# Removal of parent from route locations

# Removal of pathToRegexpOptions

# Removal of unnamed parameters

# Usage of history.state

# routes option is required in options

# Non existent named routes

# Missing required params on named routes

# Named children routes with an empty path no longer appends a slash

# $route properties Encoding

# TypeScript changes

# New Features